The Difference Between LSZH and PVC Cables

Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) cables are two types of electrical wires used in various applications. Both have different characteristics, pros, and cons that make them suitable for different environments and applications.

 

Low smoke zero halogen(LSZH) and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) cables are two types of electrical wires used in various applications. Both have distinct characteristics, advantages, and limitations that make them suitable for different environments and applications. In this article, we will explore the differences between these two types of cables, their advantages, application scenarios, and how to choose the right type for your needs.

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Characteristics of LSZH Cables

LSZH cables are made from flame-retardant materials that release minimal smoke and toxic gases when burned. This makes them ideal for use in enclosed spaces, such as tunnels, subways, ships, and airplanes, where fire and smoke can pose a serious risk to people and equipment. LSZH cables are also safe for environments where toxic fumes could harm human health, such as hospitals and chemical plants.

In addition to their fire-resistant properties, LSZH cables meet stringent environmental and safety standards. For example, they comply with the EU RoHS Directive and REACH regulations, ensuring minimal environmental impact. The growing emphasis on green building certifications, such as LEED, has further boosted the demand for LSZH cables in modern infrastructure projects..

 

90℃ high quality pvc sheath material for cable

LSZH Cable Compounds Selection Guide

Product	Processing Method	Temp Rating	Key Features	Typical Applications	Certifications
Thermoplastic LSZH Compound	Thermoplastic (non-crosslinked)	70°C–90°C	Easy processing, halogen-free, low smoke, flexible	Communication cables, signal wires	RoHS, REACH
105–125°C Irradiation Cross-linked LSZH	E-beam cross-linked	105°C–125°C	Heat resistant, strong mechanical properties, halogen-free	Power cables, EV cables	UL 1581, RoHS
105°C UV-resistant LSZH Compound	Cross-linked	105°C	UV resistant, weatherproof, flame retardant	Outdoor control cables, lighting wires	RoHS, UV Test Certified
TÜV UV Solar Cable LSZH Compound	E-beam cross-linked	120°C	Excellent UV/weather resistance, TUV certified	PV solar cables, outdoor renewable energy systems	TÜV, RoHS, EN 50618
Cross-linked LSZH Compound	Chemical cross-linked	90°C	Halogen-free, durable, flame retardant	Industrial, building wiring cables	RoHS, IEC 60332
Anti-Cracking LSZH Sheath Compound	Thermoplastic / Modified XLPE	90°C	Anti-cracking, good extrusion, smooth surface	Outdoor flexible sheath cables	RoHS, ISO 9001
Irradiation Cross-linked LSZH Compound	E-beam cross-linked	105°C	Eco-friendly, thermal stability, flame retardant	Railway, EV charging cables	RoHS, EN 50363
90°C B1 Grade Anti-Cracking LSZH Compound	Cross-linked	90°C	B1 flame rating, anti-cracking, aging resistant	High-standard flame-retardant cables	B1 Test Certified, RoHS
E-beam Irradiated Cable Materials	E-beam cross-linked	105°C–125°C	High uniformity, long life, chemical resistance	Automation, military, shipboard cables	ISO 14001, UL
E-beam Irradiated Oil-resistant Materials	E-beam cross-linked	105°C	Excellent oil & wear resistance, stable extrusion	Factory automation, robotics, marine cables	RoHS, Oil Test Passed

 

Tips:

Use E-beam cross-linked compounds for high-performance, heat-, oil-, and UV-resistant cables.

Thermoplastic types are suitable for general purpose indoor wiring with easier processing.

B1 Grade materials are preferred in buildings with strict flame retardancy requirements.

TÜV-certified products ensure long-term outdoor reliability for solar and green energy applications.

Need technical matching support or samples? Contact SUNUA for data sheets, pricing, or formulation customization.

 

Characteristics of PVC Cables

PVC cables are made from polyvinyl chloride, a widely available and cost-effective plastic material. They are commonly used in various applications due to their low cost, flexibility, and durability. However, they release toxic fumes when burned, making them unsuitable for enclosed spaces where fire and smoke can pose a risk.

PVC cables are known for their versatility and are often used in residential wiring, commercial buildings, and industrial applications. Despite their environmental limitations, advancements in PVC formulations are now targeting reduced toxicity and enhanced fire resistance, broadening their appeal.

 

Key Differences

1. Performance and Safety

LSZH cables are specifically designed to minimize fire hazards. According to a study by the British Standards Institution (BSI), LSZH cables can reduce smoke density by up to 80% compared to PVC cables, significantly improving visibility and safety during fire emergencies. They also have higher temperature resistance, making them suitable for demanding environments.

PVC cables, while less fire-resistant, are highly flexible and easier to install. This makes them a preferred choice for low-risk applications where installation speed and cost efficiency are priorities.

2. Application Scenarios

• LSZH cables are used in applications where fire safety is a top priority. Examples include:

• Public transportation systems: Subways, trains, and buses.

• Data centers: To protect sensitive equipment and personnel.
• Healthcare facilities: Hospitals and laboratories, where toxic fumes pose significant risks.
• Airports and tunnels: Enclosed spaces with limited ventilation.

 

• PVC cables are widely used in:

• Residential buildings: Standard electrical wiring.

• Commercial spaces: Lighting systems and general power distribution.
• Industrial settings: Machinery wiring where environmental risks are low.

3. Environmental Impact

LSZH cables are eco-friendlier, emitting fewer pollutants during both their use and disposal. PVC cables, by contrast, release chlorine gas when burned, contributing to dioxin production and environmental harm. This has led many governments and industries to adopt LSZH cables for projects with stringent environmental regulations.

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the adoption of low-emission materials like LSZH is expected to grow by 10% annually, driven by global sustainability goals.

 

Anti-cracking lszh flame retardant polyolefin Sheath Compound

 

4. Cost Considerations

The production of LSZH cables involves higher material and processing costs, making them more expensive than PVC cables. However, the enhanced safety and compliance with environmental regulations often justify the additional investment, particularly in high-risk applications.

PVC cables remain the more economical option, especially for large-scale installations where budget constraints are significant.

 

Why Choose LSZH or PVC Cables?

Factors to Consider:

Safety Requirements: In high-risk environments, LSZH cables are the clear choice due to their low smoke and halogen-free properties.

Budget Constraints: PVC cables are more affordable and suitable for projects where cost efficiency is critical.

Environmental Impact: LSZH cables align with eco-friendly initiatives and regulations.

Performance Needs: Consider factors like flexibility, temperature resistance, and ease of installation.

 

Industry Trends and Innovations

The demand for LSZH cables is growing as industries prioritize sustainability and safety. Advances in material science have led to the development of LSZH cables with improved mechanical strength, making them suitable for outdoor and heavy-duty applications.

On the other hand, PVC cable manufacturers are investing in cleaner production methods and formulations with reduced halogen content. These innovations aim to bridge the gap between affordability and environmental responsibility.

A report by Market Research Future predicts that the global LSZH Cable market will reach $4.8 billion by 2030, with significant growth in the transportation, construction, and telecommunications sectors.

 

Maintenance and Longevity

Proper maintenance ensures the longevity and performance of both LSZH and PVC cables. While LSZH cables are resistant to fire and chemical corrosion, regular inspections are necessary to prevent damage from external factors like moisture and mechanical stress.

PVC cables, being less resistant to extreme conditions, may require more frequent replacements in harsh environments. Ensuring proper insulation and protective measures during installation can extend their lifespan.

 

SUNUA: Your Trusted cable material Partner

Established in October 2000, SUNUA is a leader in the high polymer material industry, specializing in premium cable compounds like low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) and flame-retardant polyethylene. With 19 invention patents and a network of over 500 global manufacturers, including Hengtong Group and Japan Furukawa Electric, SUNUA has earned a reputation for exceptional quality and service.

Our adherence to ISO9001 and ISO14001 standards ensures top-quality products from raw material procurement to delivery. Our professional laboratory complies with EU RoHS and REACH regulations, maintaining rigorous quality control.

Whether you need LSZH granules, flame-resistant polyethylene, or custom cable material solutions, SUNUA provides innovative products tailored to meet diverse industry needs.

 

Conclusion

In summary, LSZH and PVC cables serve distinct purposes in electrical applications. LSZH cables are the safer, more environmentally friendly choice for high-risk and enclosed environments, while PVC cables remain a cost-effective solution for general use. Understanding their differences and application scenarios is crucial for making informed decisions.

If you want to learn more about LSZH and PVC cables or need expert advice on selecting the right cable material for your project, contact SUNUA today. Explore our range of high-quality solutions, including LSZH granules, flame-retardant polyethylene, and custom cable sheathing materials, designed to meet the highest industry standards.